Last updated: 14 February 2011

The following resources provide information, data, and analysis on drugs in Afghanistan:

• Buddenberg, Doris and William A. Byrd. . Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; The World Bank, November 2006.

• Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, United States Department of State. . Washington, DC: United States Department of State, 1 March 2010.

• Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, United States Department of State. 2009 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Country Reports - Afghanistan. Washington, DC: United States Department of State, 27 February 2009. 

• Caulkins, Jonathan P., Mark A. R. Kleiman, and Jonathan D. Kulick. . New York, NY: Center on International Cooperation, New York University, June 2010.

• Cordesman, Anthony H. . Washington, DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies, 12 November 2009.

• Felbab-Brown, Vanda. "." The Washington Quarterly 28, no. 4 (Autumn 2005): 55.

• ———. . Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano, 28 October 2009.

• ———. . Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, September 2009.

• ———. . Washington, DC: Foreign Policy at Brookings Institute, August 2007. 

• Goodhand, Jonathan. . Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies, 2009.

• ———. "." Journal of Agrarian Change 5, no. 2 (April 2005): 191.

• Hussain, Hamid and Ahmad Qayum. . Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2006.

• International Narcotics Control Board. "." In Report of the INCB for 2009, 98. Vienna, Austria: INCB, 24 February 2010.

• Lind, Jo Thori, Karle Ove Moene, and Fredrik Willumsen. . Munich: CESifo, March 2009.

• MacDonald, Brian.  Ottawa, ON: Conference of Defence Associations, 27 May 2009.

• Macdonald, David. Afghanistan’s Hidden Drug Problem: The Misuse of Psychotropics. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, October 2008.

• Mansfield, David. "Poppy Free" Provinces: A Measure Or a Target?. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 21 April 2009.

• ———. . Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, February 2007.

• ———. Where have all the Flowers Gone? Assessing the Sustainability of Current Reductions in Opium Production in Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, May 2010.

• Mansfield, David and Adam Pain. Counter-Narcotics in Afghanistan: The Failure of Success?. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, December 2008.

• ———. Evidence from the Field: Understanding Changing Levels of Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, November 2007.

• Ministry of Counter-Narcotics, Government of Afghanistan. . Kabul: Ministry of Counter-Narcotics, Government of Afghanistan, January 2006.

• Obama, Barack. . Washington, DC: Government of the United States; Office of the Press Secretary, 15 September 2009.

• Pain, Adam. Opium Poppy and Informal Credit. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, October 2008.

• Rubin, Barnett R. . New York, NY: Center for American Progress; Center on International Cooperation, New York University, 7 October 2004.

• Rubin, Barnett R. and Jake Sherman. . New York, NY: Center on International Cooperation, New York University, February 2008.

• The Senlis Council. Poppy for Medicine: Licensing Poppy for the Production of Essential Medicines: An Integrated Counter-Narcotics, Development, and Counter-Insurgency Model for Afghanistan. London: The Senlis Council, June 2007.

• United Nations Development Programme, Afghanistan and Counter Narcotics Trust Fund. . Kabul: UNDP; CNTF, 2009.

• United Nations Economic and Social Council and Commission on Narcotic Drugs. . Vienna, Austria: UN ECOSOC, 5 January 2009.

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, 22 October 2009.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, April 2008.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, October 2008.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, 2010.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, June 2010.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, June 2008.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, October 2008.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, October 2008.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, September 2007.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, May 2007.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC, 23 June 2010.

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Ministry of Counter-Narcotics, Government of Afghanistan. Vienna, Austria: UNODC; Ministry of Counter-Narcotics, Government of Afghanistan, April 2010.

• ———. . Vienna, Austria: UNODC; Ministry of Counter-Narcotics, Government of Afghanistan, September 2010.

• United States Department of State. . Washington, DC: United States Department of State, March 2010.

• United States Department of State and Broadcasting Board of Governors, Office of Inspector General. . Washington, DC: United States Office of Inspector General, December 2009.

• United States Government Accountability Office. . Washington, DC: US GAO, March 2010.

• United States Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. . Washington, DC: USSCFR, 10 August 2009.

• van Ham, Peter and Jorrit Kamminga. "." The Washington Quarterly 30, no. 1 (2007): 69.

• Ward, Christopher and William Byrd. . Washington, DC: South Asia Poverty Reduction, World Bank, December 2004.

• Ward, Christopher, David Mansfield, Peter Oldham, and William Byrd. . Washington, DC: The World Bank; UK Department for International Development, February 2008.